AceHistoryDesk – Today in History – Johns Hopkins was born on May 19, 1795, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, to a Quaker family. Convinced that slavery was morally wrong, his parents freed their slaves. As a result, Johns had to leave school at age twelve to work in the family tobacco fields.

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Mr. Johns Hopkins

Hopkins regretted that his formal education ended so early. Ambitious and hardworking, he abandoned farming, and, at his mother’s urging, became an apprentice in his uncle’s wholesale grocery business when he was seventeen. Within a decade, he had created his own  Baltimore-based mercantile operation. Hopkins single-mindedly pursued his business ventures. He never married, lived frugally, and retired a rich man at age fifty. A series of wise investments over the next two decades—he was the largest individual stockholder in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, for example—further increased his wealth. He used his fortune to found Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, incorporating them in 1867.

Hopkins died in 1873. His will divided $7 million equally between the hospital and the university.

At the time, the gift was the largest philanthropic bequest in U.S. history. Hopkins also endowed an orphanage for African-American children.

Johns Hopkins University opened February 22, 1876.

Hopkins’ first President, Dr. Daniel Coit Gilman, set a new standard for higher education by focusing on ground-breaking research and advanced study. The research university system he introduced continues to characterize American higher education today. Johns Hopkins Hospital opened in 1889, and the medical school opened four years later. Here too, rigorous academic standards and an emphasis on scientific research profoundly influenced medical practice in the United States.

Learn More

• Search on Johns Hopkins in the Detroit Publishing Companycollection to view early-twentieth-century photographs of the Baltimore hospital and university.
• A search on Johns Hopkins in the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives collection provides images of an operating room and student nurses.
• A letter from Alexander Graham Bell describes Daniel Coit Gilman’s first meeting with Helen Keller. Search Gilman in the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers to find correspondence between the two men.
• Search historic newspapers through Chronicling America on Johns Hopkins for thousands of articles and advertisements about the university and the hospital.
• William Penn, Lucretia Coffin Mott, and Alice Paul are Quaker social reformers featured in Today in History.

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