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#AceHistoryDesk – Today in History – Matthew Vassar, founder and namesake of Vassar College, was born on April 29, 1792, in Norfolk, England.

Inspired by his niece, Lydia Booth, Vassar donated half of the fortune he had made in the brewing business, as well as 200 acres of land in Poughkeepsie, New York, to establish a women’s college comparable to the best educational institutions of the day, most of which excluded women.

And so you see, to old V.C.
Our love shall never fail.
Full well we know that all we owe
To Matthew Vassar’s ale.

The Autobiography and Letters of Matthew Vassar. Edited by Elizabeth Hazelton Haight; New York: Oxford University Press, 1916. p. 5none

Vassar Female College was founded in 1861 and opened in September 1865 with 353 students and a faculty of thirty, twenty-two of whom were women. Courses ranged from botany to music, with an annual fee for tuition and residence of $350. By 1873, John H. Raymond, the president of Vassar, wrote of a collegiate education for women,

The idea has ceased to be a strange one to the public mind. No subject has been more frequently or earnestly discussed for the last five years in the newspapers and magazines, and no one can doubt that the drift of the discussion has been toward a favorable verdict.

Vassar College. A College for Women, in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. A Sketch of Its Foundation, Aims, and Resources, and of the Development of Its Scheme of Instruction to the Present Time…. Prepared by the President of the College [John H. Raymond]; New York: S.W. Green, Printer, 1873. p. 74.none

Alumnae of distinction include Edna St. Vincent Millay (1917), the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry; environmental pioneer Ellen Swallow Richards (1870), the first woman to teach at MIT; Helen C. Putnam (1878), the first woman gynecologist; cardiologist Bernadine Healy (1965), the first woman to head the National Institutes of Health; and Vicki Miles-LaGrange (1974), the first African-American woman sworn in as a United States Attorney. Rear Admiral Grace Hopper (1928), a pioneer computer scientist, taught at Vassar before joining the U.S. Naval Reserves. Astronomer Maria Mitchell, one of the original faculty members at Vassar, was the first woman to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

A coeducational institution since 1969, Vassar continues to be ranked among the top liberal arts colleges in the United States. Vassar currently enrolls approximately 2,500 students on its now 1,000-acre campus.

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